Lykourgos Logothetis was the island's leader during the revolution against the Turks. This castle lodged the headquarters of the revolution and it was built by remains of archeological monuments. It was 400 meters long and it supported the defense of the island against the Ottoman navy. Next to the castle is a magnificent temple celebrating on August 6th. On that day in 1824 Samos managed to repel an attack of the enemy. The temple is dedicated to the Transfiguration.

Countless Byzantine and pre-Byzantine chapels monasteries are spread throughout the island. The church of 'Panagia Spiliani' is located in a cave on the mountain next to Pythagorion. According to the Greek mythology this was the cave of Apollo's priesthood. This church is strongly connected with the religious tradition of the island as it one of the oldest places of worship on the island. It was primarily used during the early-Christian years. In World War II it was a shelter during the bombings. The cave offers a magnificent view of the sea and the Pythagorion.